红外辐射技术在农副产品加工中的应用与进展

红外辐射加热干燥技术有众多的优点，近些年来在农副产品加工中的应用越来越多。为此。介绍了红外辐射的基本原理及特点；并通过大量的实例阐述了红外辐射在谷物、蔬菜、竹材加热干燥上的应用与研究进展，以及红外辐射技术在农副产品杀菌方面的应用。     

基于流变和电特性的豆浆凝固过程动力学解析

凝固工序是豆腐生产的关键工序,直接影响豆腐的品质和得率。凝固温度和凝固时间是影响凝固工序的2个关键因素。为了分析凝固温度和时间对豆浆凝固过程的影响,研究了豆浆在凝固过程中流变特性的在线检测方法,采用电阻抗图谱法和动态流变法检测豆浆在凝固过程中电特性和流变特性的变化,建立了不同凝固温度下电特性和流变特性的关系模型。结果表明,电阻抗图谱法和动态流变法均能分析豆浆的凝固过程,其过程由两段一级反应组成且符合连续一级反应模型;第1段反应速率随着温度的增加而增大,是第2段反应速率的10多倍;根据电阻率、弹性模量和黏性模量计算得到活化能分别为17.82、112.90、53.72 k J/mol,表明豆浆在凝固过程中流变特性的变化受温度的影响更大。电特性测量提供了豆浆在凝固过程中流变特性的在线检测方法。     

内外遮阳对连栋塑料温室内光环境的影响

借助热辐射理论 ,在分析太阳辐射在温室内的传播过程基础上 ,建立了一种连栋塑料温室在无遮阳、内遮阳和外遮阳情况下的光环境模型 ,并结合实际情况分析讨论了边缘效应对室内光环境的影响。结果表明 :在不考虑边缘效应时 ,内、外遮阳条件下温室内的光环境基本上无差异 ;而考虑边缘效应时 ,外遮阳具有相对较好的光照环境 ,在遮阳网透射率低时更为明显。实测结果与模拟值的变化规律基本吻合。     

人工神经网络NIR定量分析方法及其软件实现

在Visual C＋＋环境中采用面向对象技术，开发了PCA-MBP-NIR定量分析模型软件。通过40份小麦样品的原始光谱、加噪光谱（信噪比为14dB）与含水率所建立的PLS-NIR与PCA-MBP-NIR模型，对10份未知小麦样品的原始光谱、加噪光谱分别进行含水率的PLS-NIR与PCA-MBP-NIR预测分析。分析表明，对于含噪声的光谱，与PLS建模相比，使用PCA-MBP-NIR对未知样品预测结果具有更高的相关系数，更低的预测误差标准差。     

Nitrate and bromide contents of glasshouse radish as affected by soil content and global radiation

Abstract

Samples (208) of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) foliage and root were collected from commercial glasshouses. Simultaneously corresponding soil samples were taken. Both plant and soil samples were analysed for nitrate and bromide.

The nitrate contents of foliage and root are affected by global radiation and by nitrate content of the soil. An interaction between the two factors was found; It indicated that soil nitrate content had a considerable effect in summer, but much less so in winter under poor light conditions, when the level of nitrate in the crop is high regardless of the nitrogen status of the soil. To study the effect of radiation on nitrate content of radish in summer it was found best to consider the cumulative amount of radiation during 10 days before harvest; in winter, a period of 20–30 days was more suitable.

The bromide content of foliage and root (highest values being resp. 390 and 73 mg Br per kg fresh product) was correlated with the concentration of bromide in the 1:2 volume soil extract. An increase of 1 mmol NO₃ per 1 soil extract lowered the Br content of fresh radish roots by 5.8 mg Br per kg.     

微波消解-FAAS测定番木瓜不同部位的金属元素含量

为探讨番木瓜果肉、果皮、瓜籽中金属元素的含量,采用微波消解-FAAS法测定了番木瓜3个部位的K、Na、Ca、Mg、Cu、Fe、Zn共7种金属元素的含量,并对微波消解条件进行了优化。结果显示,在优化的微波消解条件下,样品消解完全、速度快、效果好,FAAS测定的各金属元素质量浓度与吸光度均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r为0.995 7～0.999 9,检出限为0.002～0.131,回收率为98.30%～101.67%,RSD为0.20%～4.12%(n=6),说明测定方法可靠,结果稳定;番木瓜3个部位均含有较高的K、Ca、Mg,但Cu、Fe、Zn含量均较低,与番木瓜果肉相比,番木瓜果皮和瓜籽中K、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe含量较高,食品和药品开发优势更突出。     

Leaf chlorophyll content as a possible diagnostic mean for the evaluation of plant nitrogen uptake from the soil

The influence of temperature, irradiance, and soil humidity on the nitrogen (N) concentration in some organs, chlorophyll in the leaves, N uptake and accumulation of dry matter in plants of winter wheat was investigated. In the plants grown under equal initial N supplement but in contrasting conditions of the evironment, the correlation between concentration of total N and chlorophyll in the leaves was absent. No interrelationship was found between concentration of total N in the leaves and accumulation of N and dry matter in the whole plants. There is a close correlation between chlorophyll in the leaves, accumulation of total N, and dry matter of the whole plant. It was concluded that chlorophyll is a more stable informative parameter for the estimation of the N uptake from the soil under different growth conditions than leaf N concentration.     

中草药大黄小波变换的近红外光谱聚类分析

采用小波变换技术对近红外光谱压缩,减少训练时间,并以聚类法定性,以鉴别不同产地的大黄(Rheum palmatum L.).该方法可有效鉴别不同产地的大黄,与传统鉴别结果基本一致.结果表明,近红外漫反射光谱法作为一种快速简便的分析技术,可用于大黄等中草药的质量控制,为大黄的生药鉴定提供参考.     

Significance of salt transport patterns in rice varieties differing in salt tolerance

Abstract

The absorption mechanisms for Na, K, SO₄ and Cl were tested in a salt tolerant (PVR 1) and a salt sensitive (GEB 24) rice varieties. The salt tolerant variety accumulated significantly larger amounts of Na than the salt sensitive variety. Further, PVR 1 absorbed SO₄ from Na₂SO₄ in preference to that from K₂SO₄. The absorption patterns for K and Cl were similar in both the varieties. It is concluded that the capacity of plant species to accumulate greater amounts of Na is a reflection of their halophytic feature.